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Essay on Indian Railways -1250 Words
The first railway on the Indian subcontinent went on 21 April 1853 from Bombay to Thane, 21 miles away. To connect Bombay with Thane, Kalyan and Thay and Bhor Ghat, Railway was first thought in George Clark, Chief Engineer of the Bombay Government during the visit to Bhandup in 1843. During the ceremonial opening ceremony, 14 railway carts carrying nearly 400 guests were left at 3.30 pm "Boundary guns between a huge crowd of apples and 21 applause".
On August 15, 1854, the first passenger train emerged from Howrah station for Hooghly, 24 miles away. Thus the first part of East Indian Railway opened for public transport, which inaugurated the beginning of railway transport on the east side of the subcontinent. In the south, on 1st July 1856 the first line was opened by the Madras Railway Company. It escaped 63 miles, between Vesparandi and Waljah Road (Arcot). In north, on 3 March 1859, 119 miles from Allahabad to Kanpur was fixed.
The first volume of Mathura Cantonment from Hathras Road was opened on 19th October 1875 for traffic. These small beginnings developed in the network of railway lines across the country. By 1880, the Indian Railways system had about 9 000 miles of road advantage. When India became independent in 1947, there were forty-two rail systems. In 1951, the system was nationalized as a unit, which became one of the world's largest networks. Thus Indian Railways (IR) was torn.
Today, Indian Railways is one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world. It carries more than 20 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight and it is one of the world's largest commercial employers with more than 1.6 million employees. Railways cross the length and breadth of the country, which includes 6,909 stations on total length of roads exceeding 63,327 kilometers. In the case of rolling stock, the IR owns over 200,000 (freight) wagons, 50,000 coaches and 8,000 locomotives. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on the multi-gauge network of broad, meter and narrow gauge. It owns locomotives and coach production facilities too.
Indian Railway is owned and controlled by the Government of India through Ministry of Railways. It is administered by the Railway Board, which has a financial commissioner, five members and one president. Its headquarters are in New Delhi. It is divided into zones, which are divided into further division. The number of zones in Indian Railways increased from six to eight in 1951, nine in 1952 and finally 16. The Kolkata metro is owned by Indian Railways, but it is not a part of any area. It is considered to be the administrative position of the zonal railway.
With the headquarters in Bhubaneswar, Eastern Railway (ER) with headquarters in Kolkata, Konkan, headquarter in Hajipur, Eastern Coast Railway (ECOR) with headquarters of Mumbai, Eastern Central Railway (ECR) headquarters, various areas of Indian Railways, Central Railway (CR) ). Railway with headquarters in Navi Mumbai, North Central Railway (NCR) with headquarters in Allahabad, North Eastern Railway (NER) with headquarters in Gorakhpur, North Western Railway (NWR), with headquarters of North Eastern Frontier Railway (NFR) (KR) Headquarters in Guwahati
Kolkata, headquartered at South Eastern Railway (SCR) with headquarters in Secunderabad, South-East Central Railway (SECR) with headquarters in Bilaspur, South Eastern Railway (SER) with the headquarters of South Western Railway (SWR), with the headquarters of Delhi, South Central Railway (SCR), Northern Railway (NR) with headquarter in Chennai, with the headquarters of Hubli, Southern Railway (SR), West Central Railway (DUB) with headquarters in Jabalpur LCR) and Western Railway (WR) with headquarter in Mumbai.
Indian Railways is the largest employer in the country. The employees are classified as Gazetted (Group A and B) and Non Gazetted (Group C & D) employees. Group A Gazetted employees are recruited through the examination conducted by the Central Public Service Commission, recruitment of group 'C' and 'D' employees is done through 19 Railway Recruitment Boards, which are controlled by Railway Recruitment Control Board (RRCB). All cadres have been trained and shared between six centralized training institutes.
As of March 31, 2008, the total length of the track used by Indian Railways was approximately 1,11,600 km, while the total route length of the network was 63,273 km. About 28 percent of route kilometers and 42 percent of total track kilometers were electrified. The Indian Broad Gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) is the most widely used gauge in India, with 9.6851 km of track length (86.8 percent of the entire track length of all the gauges) and 51,082 km route kilometers (80.7 percent of all the gauges Complete road-kilometer)
Indian Railways operates approximately 9,000 passenger trains and transfers 20 million passengers daily in eighteen states and two union territories. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya are the only states which are not connected to the railways. There are eighteen coaches in a standard passenger train, but there are 24 coaches in popular trains. Coaches are designed to accommodate anywhere from 18 to 108 passengers, but on holidays and / or busy routes, more travelers can travel in unreserved coaches. Coaches are connected through the vestibule in most regular trains. However, 'unreserved coaches' are not connected to the rest of the train through any vestibule.
Many long trains are made up of two to three sections of the journey, such as first and second classes, which have different pricing mechanisms for different facilities. Classes in operation are first class AC (also called AA), AC to Tier (2A), First Class (FC), AC Three Tier (3A), AC Chair Car (CC), Executive Class Chair Car ( EC), Sleeper Class (SL), Sector Class (2S), and General (G) or Unreserved (UR). All these classes are not available on any train. A special box known as guard's cabin is found behind the train.
A standard passenger rake usually has four common cans, two front and two are behind, one of which is specifically for women. The exact number varies according to demand and route. A luggage box may also be present in front or behind. There is a separate mail box in some trains. Long distance trains usually include a pantry car at the center. On the train, a new class three AC level has been introduced in trains.
The Himasagar Express between Kanyakumari and Jammu Tawi is the longest run in terms of distance and time on Indian Railways network. It covers about 74 hours and 3,745 km in 55 minutes. Bhopal Centenary: Express is India's fastest train, in which Faridabad-Agra section has a maximum of 150 meters / hour.
Fare on Indian Railways in categories is the cheapest in the world. In the last few years, despite the meltdown environment, Indian Railways have not rented any section of the service. On the contrary, there is a slight dip in rent in some categories. It was possible because Indian Railways earns 70 percent of their profits and freight by making the most of their profits, and the impaired traveler uses these profits to cross-subsidize the area.
The Railway Ministry has planned to build a new dedicated freight corridor (DFC), which connects two corridors from Khurja to Khulna on Tughlaqabad / Dadri from Jawaharlal Nehru Port, Mumbai from the Eastern Corridor of the corridor of Sonali and the Western corridor from the corridor of the two corridors. With 2762 root km Upgradation of transport technology, increase in productivity and reduction of unit transport cost are the focus areas for the project.
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