Humayun Tomb (मकबरा ठहà¥à¤®à¤¾à¤¯à¥‚ठतà¥à¤°à¥à¤•à¤¿à¤¶- हà¥à¤®à¤¾à¤¯à¥‚ठकबरी) is the mausoleum of Humayun, a Mughal ruler built in India's Delhi.
In 1569-70 Humayun's son Akbar recognized this and was designated by Persian Mirza Ghias, a Persian architect who was chosen by Bega Begum. This is the first Garden-Tomb of the Indian subcontinent.
Established in 1533, Nizamuddin East of Delhi, near the old fort established by Mughal ruler Humayun. This is the first tomb used by red stones in the making. In 1993, this mausoleum was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and since then this Tomb is famous all over the world.
Humayun's tomb has many small monuments in it, as soon as we enter the southern entrance to the tomb, we see small monuments built on the way.
It was considered one of Humayun's main tombs. Famous buildings and heritage include the tomb of Humayun in the Mughal period, along with the charbagh garden, which seems like a Persian garden, because such a garden was never seen in India.
At the same time, he had built the Samadhi of his father and the first Mughal ruler Babar in Kabul (Afghanistan) which was called Bag-e-Babar. From then on, after the death of the ruler in the Mughal Empire, the practice of making the garden of Jannat in his memory started.
Because the Yamuna was near the Nizamuddin Dargah, the tomb of Humayun was built on Yamuna beach and the same tomb is also the tomb of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Aulia of Delhi. Later, the last ruler of Mughal history, Bahadur Shah Zafar came as refugee, during the Revolution of 1857, with his three Begum Captain Hods had captured him and kept him in Rangoon.
Later, during the period of the Ghulam dynasty, this land was known as "Kalkhari Fort" in the capital of Sultan Keokubud, son of Naseeruddin (1268-1287).
The Battashevala Tomb is also near the World Heritage Site of Humayun's Tomb, these two tombs have been separated by creating a wall in the middle where there is also a small way.
Humayun's Tomb History
After Humayun's death on January 20, 1556, his body was first buried in Delhi's old fort. He later brought Khangar Baig to Sirhind in Punjab because he feared that the Hindu King Hemu who defeated the Mughal army in Agra and Delhi in October 1556 did not even get the old fort and did not damage the tomb.
In 1558, the tomb was supervised by his son Mughal ruler Akbar. Akbar visited the tomb in 1571, when he was almost completely formed.
Who made Humayun's Tomb - Who Built Humayun Tomb
Humayun's mausoleum was made by Mirak Mirza Ghhiyath by the order of Akbar, the third ruler of the Mughal Empire, after 9 years of his death, its construction work began in 1565 and its construction work was completed in 1572 AD, at that time About 1.5 million rupees were built to build this tomb.
Humayun's wife Arnav Deorukar helped him a lot. Bega Begum gave the money to build the building and grave.
When Humayun died in 1556, Begum Begum had a great regret for her death and that is why she decided to make a tomb-e-humayun in Humayun's memory. According to Ain-e-Akbari, a documentary was made on this tomb during Akbar's reign in the 16th century.
Humayun Tomb Architecture
According to a contemporary historian Abd al-Qadir Bandayuni, this mausoleum was built by the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghias (Mirza Thiyahuddin), who was summoned specifically to this building from Herat, Bukhara (in present day Uzbekistan).
He designed the Herat and several buildings of India too. Even before the completion of this building, they settled down, but his son Syed Muhammad ibn Mirraq Thiyaudin completed his father's work and the tomb was completed in 1571.
An English merchant, William Finch, came to see the tomb in 1611, he later told about the artworks of the tomb in the interior of the tomb, the marquee, grave and the walls. He has written that the inner room of the central chamber was full of different rugs and rugs, different from today's emptiness. There was a pure white awning on top of the graves and kept holy books in front of them.
Along with this Humayun's turban, sword and shoes were kept. Charbagh was spread over 13 hectares of area. In the coming years, all these things changed rapidly. The main reason for this was Agra transfer of the capital.
Later Mughal rulers did not have enough money to maintain the cost of these gardens etc. Till the 18th century local people started to grow vegetables in charbaghs.
In 1860, the Mughal style charbagh was transformed into English style. Among these, four Central Sarovars have been converted into round rotations and the trees grow in the hills. Later Lord Curzon became the Viceroy of India in the 20th century, then he reformed it.
Between 1903-09, a large garden renovation project was started, under which sandstone was planted.
Plantation was done on centrally and diagonal axes under the plantation scheme in 1915. Along with this, flower beds were also built back in other places.
During the Partition of India, the old fort and Humayun's tomb in August, 1947 had turned into a refugee camp for refugees to be taken from Pakistan to newly established Pakistan. He was later taken over by the Indian Government under his control. These camps lasted for about five years and caused great damage to monuments, especially their gardens, beautiful drains of water etc.
After this, the place inside the tomb was covered with bricks to prevent this destruction, which in the years to come, the Indian archaeological survey department established itself in its old form. However, by the year 1985 four failed unsuccessful attempts were made to activate the original aquatic system.
The restoration work was completed by the Aga Khan Cultural Trust in March 2003. After this renovation, the water flows have started once again in the water drains of the gardens. For this work, the gift was provided by the institution of Capital Aga Khan IV.
Char Bagh Garden Humayun's Tomb
It took eight years for the construction of the main building, but its entire splendor scratches it from the charbagh-style Mughal gardens spread over 30 acres. These gardens were not only in India but their first examples of their kind in South Asia. These are examples of high-class geometry. Paradise is made within the garden Chahar Deewari.
These gardens are divided into four parts by pathways (Khayaban) and two separator central water drains. These are the identities of the four rivers flowing in the garden of the Jannat of Islam. Four such gardens, thus, were again divided into four small portions by stone made roads. Thus, in total, 32 parts are formed.
The central water channel goes down from the main entrance to the tomb and goes out from the other side, just as the Qur'anic verses describe 'Jannat Ke Bagh'. The four-bog encircling the tomb, and surrounded by the three sides of the high stone chaar diwari and on the third occasion, the Yamuna flows near the river, which has gone away from the premises over time.
Central pedestrians go to two doors, one main door in the south wall and the other smaller door in the western wall. Both of these doors are double-minded. Of these, the western door is now used, and the southern door used to be used in the Mughal period and is now closed. There is a baradari attached to the eastern wall. There are twelve gates according to the name and the cold wind blowing was enjoyed in it.
There is a hammam attached to the northern wall which was used for bathing. Within the graveyard's premises there is the dome of a barber made in south-east direction in 1590. Attendance in its main premises shows the importance of the person buried. He used to be royal hairdresser
This tomb is built on a high terrace, for which seven stairs are made from south side to reach. It is square and its double room is made up of a double dome. Inside the two tombs, the rectangles of the Qur'an are carved. One of these graves has 999 points, which means Hijri's year 999, which tells about 1590-91 AD.
Humayun's Tomb Watching Time - Humayun Tomb Timings
Humayun's mausoleum has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, so here many tourists visit. The time of viewing it is from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Some interesting things about Humayun's Tomb
1. The Humayun's body is buried in two different places in Humayun's Tomb.
2. An English merchant, William Finch, came to see the tomb in 1611, he later told about the artworks of the tomb in the interior of the tomb, the Shamian, the tomb and the walls. He has written that the inner room of the central chamber was full of different rugs and rugs, different from today's emptiness.
There was a pure white awning on top of the graves and kept holy books in front of them. Along with this Humayun's turban, sword and shoes were kept.
3. The tomb design is made according to Persian and Indian traditions.
4. Humayun's tomb has about 150 graves which is surrounded by a garden.
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